Library catalogues slowly drift away from the shelves. Books go missing, get put back in the wrong place, or are still listed as available long after they left the building. Readers search for items that are not there, and staff spend time looking for them.
A shelf inventory fixes that, but checking every spine against a printed list is slow. That is true for a public library with a full library system as much as for a school or club library that keeps its catalogue in a spreadsheet.
Most library items already carry a barcode label, often Codabar or Code 39, and small collections can label their books in an afternoon. Scanning them in shelf order gives you a list you can compare with your catalogue.