Samples end up in racks, boxes and freezers. Writing tube numbers onto a box sheet by hand is slow, and a single transposed digit means a sample that exists but takes an afternoon to find.
The question a lab asks most often is simple: which box holds this tube, and what is in this box? Answering it from paper means opening freezers and reading labels with cold fingers.
When every tube and every box carries a barcode, scanning the box and then its tubes gives a clean inventory of positions in one pass.